How does convection transfer heat?

Convection transfers heat primarily through fluid motion, which involves the movement of liquids and gases. When a fluid is heated, it becomes less dense and tends to rise, while cooler, denser fluid moves in to take its place. This process creates a continuous flow, or current, that effectively distributes heat throughout the fluid.

In practical applications, like HVAC systems, this principle is crucial. For instance, in a forced-air heating system, warm air from the heater rises and circulates throughout the space, effectively warming the environment due to this fluid motion. Convection is a significant mechanism in heat transfer, especially in systems where air or liquid circulation is involved.

Understanding this concept is essential for HVAC practitioners, as it helps in designing systems that efficiently manage and distribute temperature throughout residential and commercial buildings.